Alireza Sobhani; Mehdi Golshani
Volume 5, Issue 9 , September 2015, , Pages 1-28
Abstract
In this paper two viewpoints about scientific theories will be introduced. These two viewpoints are: 1- received view and 2- semantic view about scientific theories. It should be emphasized that our major focus is on the semantic view to scientific theories. The first one, now, does not have any considerable ...
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In this paper two viewpoints about scientific theories will be introduced. These two viewpoints are: 1- received view and 2- semantic view about scientific theories. It should be emphasized that our major focus is on the semantic view to scientific theories. The first one, now, does not have any considerable adherents and mainly logical positivist philosophers were its defenders. The received view has two important problems: 1- it is highly impractical that we want to formalize the scientific theories in the first order logic language and 2- its characterization of role and status of models in the scientific theories is inappropriate. We will notice that the semantic view, in particular the version that da Costa and French introduced, by its use of structure, can dissolve these problems and many problems that this view is involved with and this approach is in agreement with what scientists do in reality, in particular physicists try to model natural phenomena.
Alireza Sobhani; Mehdi Golshani
Volume 4, Issue 7 , October 2014, , Pages 109-137
Abstract
Cosmology started as a common ground for philosophy, religion, and science. In the Islamic culture, cosmology was either based on creation ex nihilo (the view of theologians) or on old universe (the view of philosophers), and the problem of multiverse was not mentioned so much. After the introduction ...
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Cosmology started as a common ground for philosophy, religion, and science. In the Islamic culture, cosmology was either based on creation ex nihilo (the view of theologians) or on old universe (the view of philosophers), and the problem of multiverse was not mentioned so much. After the introduction of the so-called ‘anthropic principle’ in the early 1970’s, the idea of multiverse entered the realm of cosmology. There were two views among earlier Muslim thinkers concerning the creation of the universe. Muslim theologians believed in the temporal creation of the universe, but Muslim philosophers predominantly believed that our universe is temporally old. As far the uniqueness or multiplicity of universe of the created universe is concerned, there were different views about this among Muslim scientists, philosophers and theologians. Here we mention several views concerning the multiplicity of the universe among some well-known Muslim scholars.
